{"id":3872,"date":"2024-02-19T08:34:52","date_gmt":"2024-02-19T13:34:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/erwinblanconagle.com\/?p=3872"},"modified":"2026-03-30T18:59:25","modified_gmt":"2026-03-30T23:59:25","slug":"responsabilidad-solidaria-en-materia-aduanera-y-cambiaria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/erwinblanconagle.com\/en\/responsabilidad-solidaria-en-materia-aduanera-y-cambiaria\/","title":{"rendered":"JOINT AND SEVERAL LIABILITY IN CUSTOMS AND FOREIGN EXCHANGE MATTERS"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.6.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;18px||34px|||&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;2_3,1_3&#8243; use_custom_gutter=&#8221;on&#8221; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.6.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; max_width=&#8221;1703px&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||17px|21px||&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;18px||22px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;0px||17px|0px|false|false&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;2_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.6.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.6.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Open Sans||||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#242424&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221;]La responsabilidad solidaria es un tema relevante para las directivas y dem\u00e1s grupos de inter\u00e9s en toda organizaci\u00f3n, como quiera que, ante la ocurrencia de contingencias, tanto la persona jur\u00eddica como los terceros que sean vinculados en calidad de responsables, estar\u00e1n llamados a responder limitada o ilimitadamente, dependiendo de su rol y\/o participaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>Dada la importancia del tema, en este relanzamiento de mi blog personal, me entusiasma compartir algunas opiniones sobre la solidaridad en las obligaciones, con especial \u00e9nfasis en las \u00e1reas aduaneras y cambiarias.[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.6.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Open Sans|700|||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#242424&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;15px&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221;]I. La capacidad para adquirir obligaciones[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.6.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Open Sans||||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#242424&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221;]El universo jur\u00eddico, desde su funci\u00f3n creadora, concibi\u00f3 la denominada personalidad, predicable tanto de las personas f\u00edsicas como morales, dotadas de capacidad de goce y de ejercicio, que las habilita para ser sujeto de derechos y obligaciones.<\/p>\n<p>The scholar Tulio Guzm\u00e1n Civeta, who was my professor in the study of normative systems and Roman institutions, stated in his work: <em>Roman Law<\/em>:\u00a0 <em>\u201cThe obligation - obligatio - is a legal bond by virtue of which a debtor - is constrained before another creditor - to perform a certain obligation.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>En el ordenamiento legal colombiano, el art\u00edculo 633 del C\u00f3digo Civil, define la persona jur\u00eddica as\u00ed:[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.6.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Open Sans||||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#666666&#8243; use_background_color_gradient=&#8221;on&#8221; background_color_gradient_start=&#8221;#131217&#8243; background_color_gradient_end=&#8221;#f9e512&#8243; background_color_gradient_start_position=&#8221;98%&#8221; background_color_gradient_end_position=&#8221;0%&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;7px|14px|7px|14px|false|false&#8221;]<em>\u201cA legal person is referred to as a fictitious entity capable of exercising rights and incurring civil obligations, as well as being represented in judicial and extrajudicial matters.\u201d<\/em>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.6.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Open Sans||||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#242424&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221;]Por su parte, el art\u00edculo 98 del C\u00f3digo de Comercio, se refiere al concepto de persona jur\u00eddica as\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u201cThe company, once legally established, forms a legal entity distinct from the individual partners.\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The obligations acquired by individuals carry an implicit responsibility to fulfill them, and failure to do so generates different types of consequences for the defaulting party.<\/p>\n<p>Las consecuencias del incumplimiento, en principio, afectan al responsable directo, es decir, a la persona que realiz\u00f3 el hecho generador que dio lugar al nacimiento de la obligaci\u00f3n, no obstante, estas consecuencias tambi\u00e9n pueden alcanzar a terceros, que sean llamados a responder, bien por ministerio de la ley o por acuerdo privado.[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.6.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Open Sans|700|||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#242424&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221;]II.\u00a0<strong>Solidarity in obligations<\/strong>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.6.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Open Sans||||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#242424&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221;]La solidaridad en las obligaciones se ha regulado por diversas \u00e1reas conforme las particularidades de cada tem\u00e1tica, sin embargo, algunas \u00e1reas comparten disposiciones de una misma regulaci\u00f3n, como es el caso del derecho tributario, aduanero y cambiario.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><u>Joint Liability in Roman Law <\/u><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The Roman legal system, in terms of joint liability for obligations, provided for the necessity of the creditor to separately question the debtors, who would respond that they accepted the obligation by saying <em>\u201cspondemus\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Although contractual joint liability was present in Roman law, it was not established as a fundamental rule. However, the institution of debt division was maintained, even after the fall of the Roman Empire.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><u>Joint Liability in Civil and Commercial Law <\/u><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Influenced by the Romanist legal system, Colombian regulatory frameworks established that in civil matters, joint liability must arise ex negotio or ex lege (Article 1568 of the Civil Code). In contrast, in commercial matters, if there is a plurality of debtors, joint liability is presumed (Article 825 of the Commercial Code).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><u>Joint Liability in Tax Law <\/u><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>With regard to tax matters, Article 793 of the Tax Statute establishes joint and several liability and specifies who is liable alongside the taxpayer for the payment of the tax. Meanwhile, Article 794 provides for the joint and several liability of partner members, associates, cooperators, joint owners, and consortium members for the taxes of the company.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><u>Joint Liability in Customs and Foreign Exchange Law <\/u><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>En materia aduanera y cambiaria el art\u00edculo 13 de la Ley 1066 de 2006, por la cual se dictan normas para la normalizaci\u00f3n de la cartera p\u00fablica y se dictan otras disposiciones, contempla:[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.6.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Open Sans||||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#666666&#8243; use_background_color_gradient=&#8221;on&#8221; background_color_gradient_start=&#8221;#131217&#8243; background_color_gradient_end=&#8221;#f9e512&#8243; background_color_gradient_start_position=&#8221;98%&#8221; background_color_gradient_end_position=&#8221;0%&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;7px|14px|7px|14px|false|false&#8221;]<em>\u201cIn customs and foreign exchange matters, joint liability and subsidiary liability will apply to the total amount of obligations as established in the Tax Statute. The linkage will be carried out in accordance with the procedure outlined in Title VIII of Book Five of said regulation and other rules that add to and complement same.\u201d <\/em>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.6.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Open Sans||||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#242424&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221;]El art\u00edculo en menci\u00f3n fue objeto de la acci\u00f3n p\u00fablica de inconstitucionalidad, bajo el argumento que el desarrollo de las tem\u00e1ticas aduaneras y cambiarias son propias del ejecutivo, fundamentado en las denominadas leyes marco, por lo que el legislativo se encontraba constitucionalmente limitado para legislar sobre estas tem\u00e1ticas.<\/p>\n<p>La Corte Constitucional, mediante Sentencia C-140 del 28 de febrero de 2007, declar\u00f3 la exequibilidad del art\u00edculo 13, conforme los siguientes argumentos:[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.6.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Open Sans||||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||0px|0px|false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;12px|14px|12px|14px|false|false&#8221; border_radii=&#8221;on|1px|1px|1px|1px&#8221; border_width_all=&#8221;1px&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;#b3b3b3&#8243;]<em>1. The framework law technique allows the development of a form of collaboration between the Legislative and Executive branches for the regulation of certain constitutionally designated matters.<\/em>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.6.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Open Sans||||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;28px||0px|0px|false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;12px|14px|12px|14px|false|false&#8221; border_radii=&#8221;on|1px|1px|1px|1px&#8221; border_width_all=&#8221;1px&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;#b3b3b3&#8243;]<em>2. In the case of framework laws, the role of Congress is limited to establishing the general guidelines or directives that must guide the regulation of a specific matter, while the Executive is responsible for specifying and completing the regulation of the issue at hand.<\/em>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.6.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Open Sans||||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;28px||0px|0px|false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;12px|14px|12px|14px|false|false&#8221; border_radii=&#8221;on|1px|1px|1px|1px&#8221; border_width_all=&#8221;1px&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;#b3b3b3&#8243;]<em>3. As a result, the legislator's competence in these matters is restricted, as they cannot regulate the matter exhaustively but must limit themselves to establishing the aforementioned general guidelines. In this sense, the Court has stated that framework laws involve \"a mitigation of the general competence clause recognized for the legislative body.\"<\/em>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.6.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Open Sans||||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;28px||0px|0px|false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;12px|14px|12px|14px|false|false&#8221; border_radii=&#8221;on|1px|1px|1px|1px&#8221; border_width_all=&#8221;1px&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;#b3b3b3&#8243;]<em>4. The extension of joint liability and subsidiary liability for tax obligations to customs obligations could be understood as a modification of \"the other provisions concerning the customs regime\u201d.  However, in this case, such modification does not respond to \u201ccommercial policy reasons\u201d, but rather aims to regularize or ensure the collection of public debt, as previously mentioned. This is a fiscal objective, which does not fall within the executive purview, but is strictly reserved by law.  By virtue of this, the measure does not align with those that must adhere to the technique of the framework laws or legal framework.<\/em>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.6.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Open Sans||||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;28px||0px|0px|false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;12px|14px|12px|14px|false|false&#8221; border_radii=&#8221;on|1px|1px|1px|1px&#8221; border_width_all=&#8221;1px&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;#b3b3b3&#8243;]<em>5. Joint liability in the payment of obligations arising from violations of the foreign exchange regime is not a matter that can be affected by the economic variables influencing international exchanges. To establish this joint liability in foreign exchange, or to eliminate it, there is no need for updated and constantly changing technical-economic information, nor is it a measure that must be adopted to respond swiftly to the ever-changing needs of the foreign exchange market. For all the above reasons, there are no grounds to believe that Congress lacks the technical or operational capacity to implement joint liability in foreign exchange matters. This would be the definitive argument to establish that, due to a lack of such capacities, and because of the particular and changing nature of the issue, it does not fall within its ordinary legislative powers but instead requires the use of the framework law technique.<\/em>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.6.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Open Sans||||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#242424&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;20px||||false|false&#8221;]En armon\u00eda con la norma exequible, el Decreto Ley 920 de 2023, contentivo del r\u00e9gimen sancionatorio aduanero en Colombia, estableci\u00f3 en su art\u00edculo 6:<\/p>\n<p><em>Pursuant to Article 13 of Law 1066 of 2006, or the standard that modifies or replaces it, in customs matters, joint liability and subsidiary liability shall apply to the total amount of customs duties, penalties, interest, and their adjustments in the manner established in Articles 793, 794, 794-1, and 828-1 of the Tax Statute.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>On the other hand, Decree 2245 of 2011, which establishes the foreign exchange sanctioning regime under the authority of the National Tax and Customs Directorate (DIAN), enshrined in its Article 33:<\/p>\n<p><em>Those held jointly liable for the payment of the penalties referred to in this decree, imposed on legal entities or entities assimilated to them, include legal representatives, partners, administrators, associates, cooperatives, consortium members, community members, participants, fiscal reviewers, officials, and employees, as well as the absorbing company, who authorize or execute acts that violate foreign exchange regulations or fail to comply with them.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p>It should be noted that joint liability in customs and foreign exchange matters arises by virtue of the law, particularly in the following scenarios:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The joint liability of general and special agents in the subscription and filing of declarations.<\/li>\n<li>The joint liability of heirs and legatees for the obligations of the deceased.<\/li>\n<li>The joint liability of partners in dissolved companies.<\/li>\n<li>The joint liability of partners in active companies concerning the obligations incurred in the course of their commercial and service activities.<\/li>\n<li>The joint liability of shareholders who have committed, participated in, or facilitated acts of fraud or abuse of the corporate personality of the company to defraud the tax administration, or in an abusive manner as a mechanism for tax evasion.<\/li>\n<li>In merger agreements, the joint liability of the absorbing company for the obligations of the absorbed company.<\/li>\n<li>The joint liability between subordinate companies and their parent company abroad.<\/li>\n<li>The joint liability of the assets of partnerships or joint ventures of legal entities without legal personality.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Thus, it is essential in any customs or foreign exchange action to keep in mind the joint liability concerning the obligations arising from the execution of the economic event, which arises by operation of law, enabling the involvement of various liable parties in the respective process.<\/p>\n<p>In this context, in the current world of constant change, where new commercial and service exchange schemes are created daily, comprehensive planning and continuous monitoring of the various international transactions that any organization develops or plans to develop becomes the best risk prevention tool. If these risks materialize, they can directly or indirectly impact the legal entity, its partners, administrators, and employees.<\/p>\n<p>Gracias por leerme\u2026[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/erwinblanconagle.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Erwin-Blanco.png&#8221; title_text=&#8221;Erwin Blanco&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.6.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;27%&#8221; width_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; width_phone=&#8221;40%&#8221; width_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;0px|||-7px|false|false&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Erwin Blanco Nagle &#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.6.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_font=&#8221;Open Sans|600|||||||&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#131217&#8243; header_font_size=&#8221;21px&#8221; body_font=&#8221;Open Sans||||||||&#8221; body_text_color=&#8221;#131217&#8243; body_line_height=&#8221;0.8em&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-8px||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;|100px||0px|false|false&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; body_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]Consultor en estrategia legal y fiscal internacional<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"mailto:eblanco@blancodecastro.com\" rel=\"noopener\">eblanco@blancodecastro.com<\/a>[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_social_media_follow use_icon_font_size=&#8221;on&#8221; icon_font_size=&#8221;13px&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.6.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-8px|||16px|false|false&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][et_pb_social_media_follow_network social_network=&#8221;linkedin&#8221; url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/erwinblanconagle\/&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.6.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; 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